Perched majestically above the town of Caprarola, the Palazzo Farnese stands as one of the most striking expressions of Renaissance ambition and artistic vision. Conceived as both fortress and villa, this grand pentagonal palace embodies the might and refinement of the Farnese family, one of the most powerful dynasties of the sixteenth century. Designed by architect Giacomo Barozzi da Vignola for Cardinal Alessandro Farnese, the palace blends geometry, symbolism, and perspective to create an architectural manifesto of order and power. Inside, a spectacular cycle of frescoes by Taddeo and Federico Zuccari celebrates the family’s virtues, the harmony of nature, and the triumph of reason. This lecture explores the architectural innovations, artistic program, and political messages of the Palazzo Farnese, offering insight into how art and architecture became tools of self-presentation and instruments of power in the Italian Renaissance.